13 - 18 OCTOBER 2013, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, USA

Error Bars Considered Harmful

Contributors: 
Michael A. Correll, Michael Gleicher
Description
Confidence intervals, standard error, and generalized error rates are typically visualized with error bars - thin strokes that are superimposed over the mean. This work present the results of crowd-sourced experiments which illustrate that viewers misinterpret these encodings even at the most basic level (where one would hope larger margins of error reduce the confidence in judgments about means). We then present evaluations of three alternate (or supplemental) visual encodings for the same task and show that choice of visual encoding can result in viewers who make decisions which are better informed by the margins of error.